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Manuela Zambianchi, Pio Enrico Ricci Bitti, Gremigni Paola |
2009 |
Some studies have analysed the prevalence and the socio-psychological predictors of unhealthy
behaviours among adolescents, but few of them have investigated the contribution of the time
perspective and of the ability to organize a personal agenda on assumption of risk behaviours. This
study was aimed at investigating this relation in 232 adolescents (mean age: 16 years). The risk
behaviours measured were smoking, alcohol and drug consumption, risk driving, and risk sexual
intercourses. The Zimbardo Time Perspective Scale and a new developed questionnaire to assess
planning and organization of a personal agenda were also used. Gender differences emerged for risk
driving, males being more involved than females. Multiple regression analyses indicated a present-
oriented time perspective and poor ability to plan and organize a personal agenda as important
predictors of involvement in most of the risk behaviours taken into consideration. Results of this
study suggest that time perspective and planning and organization of personal agenda should be
taken into consideration in programming prevention interventions aimed at reducing adolescents’
risk behaviours. |
Psicologia Clinica dello Sviluppo (in press) |
|
Manuela Zambianchi (Department of Psychology, University of Bologna, Italy) |
2006 |
The study analysed the importance of some individual characteristics on elaborating and evaluating
the persuasive efficacy of two messages concerning risky driving among adolescents.
Characteristics of the message as vividness, narrative complexity and the clarity of consequences
correlate with dissuasive efficacy. Future time perspective, past behaviours and the perception of
seriousness of risky driving are the individual variables that emerge as implicated in a positive
evaluation of the video messages |
Psicologia della Salute, 2/2006, pp.5-18 |
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Manuela Zambianchi, Pio Enrico Ricci Bitti (Department of di Psychology, University of Bologna, Italy) |
2008 |
Adopting a systemic-interactionist perspective of human development, this study was aimed to investigate the role of individual and familiar factors on sense of community in adolescence, considered a relevant index of social well-being. 465 adolescents attending different secondary schools (261 males, 203 females; mean age 15,16 s.d 0,65) took part in the study: they were administered several questionnaires concerning the following factors: sense of community, time perspective, organization of daily agenda, coping styles, involvement in psychosocial and health risks, perceived quality of communication with parents. The results shows the existence of differences between boys and girls and between adolescents attending different types of schools on sense of community. Boys were higher on sense of community than girls, while adolescents attending professional schools have the highest sense of community. A step-wise regression model evidenced gender, future time perspective, coping styles, open communication with parents as factors predicting a higher sense of community |
Psicologia della Salute, 2/2008, pp.43-62 |
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Pelard J., Apostolidis T., Ben Soussan P., Goncalves A. (Université de Provence, France) |
2008 |
Psychosocial approach of the speech of women in metastatic relapse of a breast cancer: the question of temporality
The "relapse", this word so much dreaded by the patients reached of a cancer because it symbolizes the return of the disease and the treatments in the person's life and his entourage. This diagnosis once established mark the entry into a chronic phase of the cancerous disease, involving the future of people and their report at time. In this context, we believe it is important to identify the subjective and social aspects of the experience of this difficult moment in the course of the disease, by taking account the report at the time of the patients. In this article, we propose a study of these different aspects through a double analysis (lexical thematic manual and with a computer) of semi-structured interviews conducted with patients in metastatic relapse of a breast cancer. The report at time was operationalized at the same time as a variable of personality by using the scale of temporal prospect (PT) Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory ZTPI and through the different linguistic markers, indicators of meaning in the stories of patients. The results of this double analysis highlight different aspects of the speech of the patients, reflecting investments different in the disease at the time of the relapse and and, depending on age and time profiles of patients. However, these results illustrate the links between some aspects of time focusing on the stories of patients and the strategies of adjustments which result from this, allowing an articulation of these concepts around the notion of control. |
Bulletin du cancer, vol. 95, no9, pp. 859-869 |
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Nicolas Fieulaine & Frederic Martinez |
2009 |
Does TP predict influenza vaccination: A longitudinal investigation among French elderly
The aim of this research is to explore how Time Perspective (TP) participates in predicting preventive health behaviors. In the context of a national influenza vaccination campaign, a longitudinal study was realized among elderly in order to investigate the determinants of reaching this cost-free vaccine. 168 people (aged > 65 years) participated in a three-waves study, using time perspective measure (ZTPI), planned behavior questionnaire, together with indicators of sensitivity to health communications. Results are in line with previous researches, showing the predicting role played by TP in preventive health behaviors, but longitudinal design of the study made appear more complex results related to sensitivity to health communications. We will discuss how longitudinal study design could help to clarify causal relations between Time Perspective and health intentions-behaviors relationship. |
European Congress of Psychology, Norway |
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Manuela Zambianchi, Pio Enrico Ricci Bitti - Department of Psychology, University of Bologna |
2009 |
>Introduction
Keyes defined Social Well-being a construct composed by five dimensions: Social Integration (the evaluation of the quality of one’s relationships to society and community; Social Contribution (the evaluation of one’s social value. It includes the belief that one is a vital member of society, with something of value to give to the world); Social Actualization (the evaluation of the potential and the trajectory of society), Social Acceptance (is the construal of society through the character and qualities of others people as a generalized category); Social Coherence (the perception of the quality, organization and operation of the social world and it includes a concern for knowing about the world). Time organization exerts a relevant role on emotional tune referred to events, projects, objectives, self-dimensions (Smotkin, Eyal, 2003).
Zimbardo & Boyd (1999) defined Time Perspective a conceptual frame constituted by five temporal dimensions: Positive Past (a positive evaluation of the past, perceived as bearer of values and experiences that are reminded with happiness), Negative Past (that reflects a negative and traumatic view of the past, with not yet elaborated events), Hedonistic Present (the preference for present pleasure, activities and persons that can bring satisfaction, with little concern for future consequences), Fatalistic Present (reveal a fatalistic hopelessness attitude toward the future and life, with a prevailing external locus of control) Future (reflects a general future orientation and a behaviour dominated by a striving for future goals).
>Objectives
The study evaluated the level of social well-being and the characteristics of time perspective, the correlations between social well-being and time perspective, the influence of age, gender, level of education and structure of family on well-being and time perspective.
>Procedures
119 elderly (mean age 74,56) compiled the Z.T.P.I (Zimbardo, Boyd, 1999) and the Well-being Scale (Keyes, 1998).
>Results
Future and positive past shows the highest score, while negative past and fatalistic present shows the lowest score; social integration and social contribution have received the highest score, while social acceptance has the lower. Women are higher on the dimensions of hedonistic present and fatalistic present than men; individuals in the Fourth Age have higher scores on fatalistic present than those in the Third Age (young old). Future dimension shows positive correlations with social integration and social actualization; fatalistic present has negative correlations with social acceptance, social contribution and social coherence. Negative past shows negative correlations with social contribution, social actualization and social coherence.
>Conclusions
Our results highlighted the complexity of relations between social well-being and time organization for the elderly, evidencing the role of future time and non only of present dimensions and past, as sustained by a common, stereotypical view of old age, for their quality of life. |
3th Meeting of the Italian Society of Aging (SIPI), Brescia, 13-14 November 2009 |
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Sircova, A.; Mitina, O. V.; Boyd, J.; Davydova, I. S.; Zimbardo, Philip G.; Nepryaho, T. L.; Nikitina, E. A.; Semyonova, N. S.; Fieulaine, Nicolas; Yasnaya, V. A. |
2007 |
One's preference for certain time orientations is influenced by many factors including culture. The aim of this research was to describe the phenomenon of time perspective in different cultures. The authors carried out re-evaluation of reliability and validity of the Russian version of the Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory (ZTPI) scale and compared the findings with the original scale as well as with its adapted versions (French and others). The sample consisted of 1136 people aged 14 to 81 from eighteen Russian cities and was divided into seven age groups. As a result, the five-factor structure of the ZTPI was replicated on the Russian sample (reliability and validity proved to be quite high), although certain changes had been made to the test keys because of cultural differences. The five factors of the ZTPI that are similar both in Russian and French samples make it possible to carry out cross-cultural comparisons using this scale. It was also found that women have higher orientation to Past Positive and Present Fatalistic that men. People living in large cities score higher on Present Hedonistic and lower on Future than people living in small towns. |
Cultural-Historical Psychology |
|
Audrone Liniauskaite |
2007 |
Title: "PSICHOLOGINIO LAIKO KLAUSIMYNAS: PSICHOMETRINËS CHARAKTERISTIKOS" (THE PSYCHOLOGICAL TIME QUESTIONNAIRE: THE PSYCHOMETRIC QUALITIES)
The psychological time – rather complicated area of psychological measurement due to complexity of object, ambiguity of the concepts, the lack of solid model and valid measurement method. The most researchers of this area stimulates the creation of the new methods of psychological time measurement, the individual differences are emphasized, which are linked with cultural, ethnics, religious peculiarities of society, prevailing system of values and even with economical level. The aim of the study is to create the psychological time questionnaire using empirical strategy.
Questionnaire had been created in two phases. There were 119 statements in the first version. Statements were formulated on the basis of previous experience of investigations and psychological time parameters that were mentioned in scientific literature. Primal research had been accomplished after questioning 254 participants. By the mean of factorial analysis there were distinguished 29 questions, which comprised 6 scales: Time planning, Work time / leisure mixture, Time anxiety, Orientation to the past, Orientation to the future and Orientation to the present. 6 factors that were distinguished explained 55% of the variance. Cronbach alpha of distinguished scales varies from 0.602 (in the scale of Orientation to the present) to 0.812 (in the Work time / leisure mixture scale)
687 participants attended in the second research. 6 distinguished factors explain 57.86% of variance. After new obtained data had been analyzed, 4 meaningfully indiscreet factors were noticed. The first factor shows bewilderment of work time and leisure time areas, second factor – predisposition to plan time, and the third – time anxiety. Whereas in the fourth factor alongside the statements about the past, one factor, which is associated with the future appears. The statements, related with the orientation to the future, fall to the fifth factor, but there appears the statement of time anxiety and the statement “I often plan the future” fall into this factor with negative load. The sixth factor again has clearly predictable meaning – orientation to the present.
So, we decided to remove two statements. Confirmative factorial analysis that was performed showed that propositions (statements) for the scales are selected adequately (χ2 = 1387.689, df = 309, p = .00, CFI = .84, TLI = .89, RMSEA = .07). The internal consistency indices of the final version of the scale are better than the first scale. Cronbach alpha varies from 0.657 (Orientation to the future) to 0.863 (Work
time/leisure time mixture).
Key words: Time Psychology, Psychological Time,Psychological Time Questionnaire. |
Psichologija, nr. 36 |
|
Aleksandrs Kolesovs |
2002 |
The present study deals with research of the relation between time perspective and locus of control. The research was based on a Russian adaptation of Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory (ZTPI). The research involved 224 High School students (mean age 17.5, 64% female). ZTPI five factor structure was confirmed. Scales Cronbach’s alpha ranged from .70 to .79. The results confirmed, as predicted, the positive correlation between internality and orientation to the future, r (112) = .36, p achievement. |
Baltic Journal of Psychology |
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Bjørnebekk, G. & Gjesme, T. |
2009 |
Motivation and Temporal Distance: Their effect on Cognitive and Affective manifestations
The implications of temporal distance on motivation-related concepts were examined. The results of an experiment, based on five hundred and eighty-five sixth graders, revealed that both positive (approach) and negative (avoidance) motivation increased as the future goal/event approached in time. This increase in approach and avoidance motivation influenced the performance level of the pupils differently. For success-oriented pupils the performance level increased. For failure-oriented pupils the performance level remained about the same. |
Psychological Reports |
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Bjørnebekk, G. & Gjesme, T. |
2009 |
Future Time Orientation and Temperaments: Exploration of their relationship to Primary and Secondary Psychopathy
Summary- The present study combines Lykken’s (1995) theory about the role of reward sensitivity and punishment insensitivity in the development of antisocial behavior with Gjesme’s theory of future time orientation (1979). The participants are hundred and fifty-eight adolescents, consisting of a target group of 79 adolescents who have a defined behavioral problem, and a matched referential group of 79 adolescents who do not have any behavioral problems. The results suggest that attributes related to primary psychopathy are associated with behavioral inhibition insensitivity, behavioral approach reactivity and low future time orientation. Moreover, attributes related to secondary psychopathy is related to an overactive behavioral approach system and low future time orientation. Robust positive associations for behavioral approach reactivity and low future time orientation with primary and secondary psychopathy suggests that high behavioral approach/low future time orientation may represent a common core that cuts across the two factors of psychopathy. |
Psychological Reports |
Abstracts
